Initial conceptualization and work on high temperature batteries was initiated as early as in the 1950s at various

A lot of the initial fuel cell development work was conducted in the 1970s at NASA. Fuel cells were used in the Apollo mission as on

India’s battery demand is projected to rise from 3 billion $ in 2017 to 7.5 billion $ by 2022 (Source: CES Analysis). Lithium-ion battery technology is projected to be the leading technology for electric

The study is focused on documenting the status quo of battery technologies used in electric vehicles, Indian and global battery standards, and policy frameworks in India vis-à-vis global counterparts. In addition to the external environment, battery value chain elements viz. battery manufacturing, battery swapping, battery disposal, recycling, and reuse are also studied in detail to understand the technological and policy landscape in India. Owing to the nascent nature of the value chain, outputs from primary interactions have been integrated into the study to provide the picture of on ground realities. Basis the deep understanding of technology, market and regulatory landscape, suitable recommendations have been laid out in the study. The recommendations have touched upon multiple aspects of market demand creation, monitoring, and awareness development to name a few. Additionally, financial and economic analysis of a battery recycling plant and battery swapping stations have been carried out to understand the viability of the business and essential cost and revenue drivers. Sensitivity analysis of the model along with ideal condition outputs have been showcased to provide the view of the businesses in entirety.

The global power and transportation sectors of the future will be fundamentally different from today.

On behalf of the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMU), the Nationally Determined Contribution-Transport Initiative for Asia (NDC-TIA) is a joint project of seven organisations and with the engagement of China, India, and Vietnam.

This report has been prepared by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) with support from the U.S. Department of State to inform a broader dialogue around the future direction of India’s approach to enabling energy storage investments.