Hydrogen has a significant role in leading the world towards net-zero emissions in the near future. Hydrogen demand reached 94 Mt in 2021, which is 5 % higher than the previous year and expected to increase by 7.5 fold by the end of 2050, in a net zero scenario. Currently, the major source of hydrogen is Grey hydrogen, whereas the hydrogen from renewable sources is increasing exponentially and will reach more than 70 % by 2050.
In this report, we have covered all important aspects of hydrogen along with various modes of its production, storage, transportation and application. Around 400 Mt of hydrogen transport is expected in the transportation application by 2050. This transport will be facilitated by world’s first long-distance pipeline between North America and Europe. In addition, we have meticulously studied the technological development in production and application of hydrogen.
Electrolysis is one of the promising methods of green hydrogen synthesis. In 2021, 30 kt of hydrogen was produced globally, which is 0.03% of total production. At the moment, it is 3-4 times more costly than hydrogen produced from fossil fuels limiting its application to high-value products like electronics. In electrolyzer deployment capacity, Europe is leading the world with 40 % share, whereas Australia is aiming to catch Europe in a few years. Among various types of electrolyzer, the AEM electrolyzer is emerging as a breakthrough technology with the collective advantages of PEM and Alkaline electrolyzers and will become popular in the future.
We hope that through this report we are able to provide specific and to-the-point information to a wide range of audiences who are interested in learning about these new technologies. This report will be very helpful to the upcoming start-ups as well as government bodies, who need to take decisions on the technology to be used and the potential key players in that technology. It will also help the decision-makers to tweak strategies to attract investments based on the target set and actual developments in the green hydrogen sector.
Key points:
Production of Hydrogen
Global Hydrogen Demand
Global production of Hydrogen: Natural Gas, Coal Gasification, Water Electrolysis, Biomass, Biomass Gasification
Comparison of Hydrogen Production Technologies
Carbon Capture
Carbon Capture Technologies
Global CO2 Capture Projects and cost
Key Players in CO2 Capture
Storage of Hydrogen
Methods of storing Hydrogen: LOHC, Metal Hydrides, Liquefaction, Cryo-compression
Comparison of Hydrogen Storage Technologies
Transportation of Hydrogen
Types of Transportation: Pipelines, Tube Trailer, Liquified on road, Ship
Comparison - Modes of Transportation of Hydrogen
Existing Challenges - High Production Cost
Global Installations of Electrolyzers
Types of electrolyzers: Technology Variations (Alkaline, PEM, SOEC, AEM)
Comparison of electrolyzer Technologies
Commercially available Alkaline Electrolyzer: Hydrogenics, NEL
Commercially available PEM Electrolyzers: NEL, Enapter
Recent Advancement in Electrolyzers: Battolyzer, CPH2
Hydrogen application across Industrial, Power generation, Transportation. (2020 - 2050)
Industrial Applications
Urea and steel Manufacturing, Oil Refineries
Fuel cells for Stationary applications
Historical Insight- Development of Fuel Cells
Basic design of Fuel Cell System
System Performance and Design Characteristics, Industry Progress Update, Key Players, Commercial Availability of various Fuel Cell systems:
Solid Oxide fuel cell, Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel cell, Phosphoric acid fuel cell, Molten Carbonate fuel cell
Performance matrix of fuel cell for various stationary applications
Hydrogen in Power generation - Gas turbine
Application of fuel cell for eMobility
Fuel cells for eMobility - Comparison with ICE
Comparison of Fuel Cell Technologies for eMobility
Companies actively developing PEMFC Technology for eMobility
Advancements in PEMFCs
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