Statewise Incentives for EV Buyers

EV 101

Buyer Side Incentives

Center	EV Buyer Incentives
FAME	To promote and incentivize the production of Hybrid and Evs, in 2015, FAME India scheme was launched. Phase I started in March 2015 and ended in March 2019, whereas Phase II started from April 2019 to March 2024.
FAME I	Incentive Support of ~ INR 359 Cr. to 2.8 lakh hybrid & EVs and ~ INR 280 Cr. to 425 hybrid & e-buses. Approx. INR 43 Cr. for ~ 500 Charging stations/ infrastructure.
FAME II	10,000 EVs supported for INR 27 Cr., through demand incentive. 5,595 e-buses amounting INR 2,800 Cr. sanctioned to States. Out of which, 670 e-buses have been sanctioned. 2,636 Charging Stations sanctioned amounting INR 500 Cr. in 62 cities. Out of which, 241 stations have been approved.

States	EV Buyer Incentives
Andhra Pradesh (08-06-2018)	Complete reimbursement of road tax and registration fees on sale of EV till 2024
Bihar (Draft) 2019	Incentives for Electric Vehicle (15% subsidy) 2W – INR 5,000 – 24,000 units 3W – INR 12,000 – 70,000 units 4W – INR 1,00,000 – 4,000 units Buses – INR 2,000,000 – 1,000 units Special Incentive of INR 10,000 for E-Rickshaws using Li-ion batteries. Exemption of road tax and registration fee for EV’s
Chandigarh	Direct subsidy of Rs 20,000 for first 3,000 buyers of Electric two-wheelers & three-wheelers. Free one-year insurance for first 1,000 EV buyers Exemption from Road Tax & Registration charges till 2024 30% subsidy on installation of home chargers. 15% subsidy for charging infrastructure companies to set up public charging stations
Delhi (07-08-2020)	Exemption from road tax, registration fees and MCD one-time parking fee Scrapping and de-registration incentive Purchase Incentive to registered owner Cash Back rebates 30% subsidy on installation of home chargers.
Gujarat (01-07-2021)	Incentives for Electric Vehicles 2W – INR 20,000 - 110,000 Units 3W – INR 50,000 - 70,000 Units 4W – up to INR 1.5 Lakh – 20,000 Units Exemption of road tax
Haryana (Draft)	100% exemption of road tax 100% interest free loans to the State Government employees 30% subsidy on road price of Electric vehicle in form of reimbursement directly to the buyer in the State All the registered electric vehicles will be exempted from paying of State Toll tax Additional incentives for first 6 months E-Rickshaw/Carts – INR 25,000 2W – INR 50,000 4W (Below 10 lakh) – INR 75,000 4W (Above 10 lakh) – INR 1,00,000
Karnataka (25-09-2017)	Incentives for Electric Vehicle 2W – INR 7,500 – 22,000 unit 4W – INR 13,000 – 6,10,000 unit Buses – INR 8,500,000 – 10,000,000 unit
Kerala (10-03-2019)	Road tax exemption for first three years Subsidy of INR 30,000 or 25% of EV (whichever is lower)
Maharashtra (13-07-2021)	Incentives 2W (L1 & L2) – INR 10,000 – 1,00,000 Units 3W Auto (L5M) – INR 30,000 – 15,000 Units 3W Goods Carrier (L5M) – INR 30,000 – 10,000 Units 4W Private Vehicle (M1) – INR 1,50,000 – 10,000 Units 4W Commercial (N1) – INR 1,00,000 – 10,000 Units eBus – INR 20,00,000 – 1,000 Units
Madhya Pradesh (30-08-2019)	Road tax exemption and free parking for first five years for all type of vehicle All electric buses will receive, 50% rebate on toll taxes for 5 years
Meghalaya (05-02-2021)	2W – INR 10,000 per kWh – first 3,500 Units (for vehicles with EX-showroom price of more than 1.5 lakh) 3W – INR 4,000 per kWh – first 200 Units (for vehicles with EX-showroom price of more than 5 lakh) 4W – INR 4,000 per kWh – first 2,500 Units (for vehicles with EX-showroom price of more than 15 lakh) eBuses – INR 4,000 per kWh – first 30 Units
Orissa (11-02-2021)	Incentives 2W – INR 5,000 3W – INR 12,000 4W – INR 1,00,000 eBuses – INR 20,00,000 Electric Goods Carrier – INR 30,000 100% exemption on road tax & registration fees for the first four years
Punjab (Draft)	Exemption of road tax and registration charges for 2W, 3W, 4W and Buses.
Rajasthan (16-07-2021)	EV Incentives for 2W 2 kWh – INR 5,000 4 kWh – INR 7,000 5 kWh – INR 9,000 >5 kWh – INR 10,000 EV Incentives for 3W 3kWh – INR 10,000 4kWh – INR 15,000 5kWh – INR 17,000 >5kWh – INR 20,000
Tamil Nadu (2019)	Exemption of road tax and registration charges for 2W, 3W and 4W till 30-12-2022 Reimbursement of SGST – 100% Capital subsidy of 15% 100% exemption on electricity tax, stamp duty Subsidy on cost of land, employment incentive
Telangana (2020)	Road Tax and registration fee exempted for first 2,00,000 electric 2W Road Tax and registration fee exempted for first 20,000 electric 3W Road Tax and registration fee exempted for first 5,000 electric 4W Road Tax and registration fee exempted for first 500 electric buses
Uttar Pradesh (2019)	Incentives for Electric Vehicle 100% road tax exemption 100% Interest free loans 30% subsidy on road price of EV
Uttarakhand (08-10-2018)	First 100,000 customers purchasing EVs in the state will not have to pay motor vehicle tax for a period of 5 years. First 100,000 customers purchasing commercial EV’s, or electric stage carriages will also be able to avail exemption from tax.

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TYPES OF MOTOR USED IN ELECTRIC VEHICLES AND FUTURE TRENDS

The Motor is the source of power for Electric Vehicle. It determines top speed, acceleration, hill climbing ability, power consumption and vehicle performance. Three Important points to consider when finalising choice of Electric Motor are: Vehicle characteristics Vehicle weight, overload and aerodynamics help determine speed, torque and power requirements of the electric motor. Driving cycle: Driving cycle consideration of various factors like traffic density, terrain, temperature, etc influence size of battery pack size and choice of powertrain Maximum speed: To factor in motor speed, maximum speed of vehicle needs to considered. How long speed need to be sustained, differential ratio and wheel radius also influence motor selection. Desirable consideration factors for selecting most suitable Electric Motor are: Power to Weight Ratio Higher Power to Weight ratio provides Higher speed and acceleration Power Density Higher Power density helps minimize space utilisation (compactness) for highest possible power output Efficiency Higher motor efficiency means less energy losses and more usable mechanical energy Peak Power Output Maximum power that Motor can sustain for short duration Electric vehicle performance directly depends on performance of Electric Motor. The performance of the motor is determined by Torque-Speed and Power-Speed characteristic of the traction motor Selecting the proper output characteristic of an EV motor is a challenge because it is necessary to find the balance between acceleration performance and wide speed range in the constant power region. The constant torque operating region is important at low speed to provide a good start and up-hill drive. The constant power region determines maximum speed on flat surface. The rotor is the moving part, which turns the shaft that delivers mechanical power. The rotor is supported by bearings which support it to turn on its axis, the windings form magnetic poles when energized with current and stator is the stationary part. Types of Motors in Use in EV’s : BLDC PMSM Brushless DC Motor Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor BLDC motor is basically a DC motor turned inside out which means the coil is on the outside and magnets are on the inside. PMSM uses permanent magnets embedded in the rotor to create a constant magnetic field. BLDC motors have a rotor with permanent magnets and a stator with windings. The windings are energized in a specific sequence to create a rotating magnetic field, which causes the rotor to turn. The electronic commutation of the motor allows for precise control of the motor’s speed and direction. PMSM motors also have a rotor with permanent magnets and a stator with windings. The main difference is that the windings are designed to produce a sinusoidal magnetic field, which interacts with the permanent magnets to generate torque. This design allows for a higher power density than BLDC motors. High Efficiency Higher efficiency (Permanent magnets in a PMSM motor create a stronger magnetic field producing more torque per ampere of current) Mounting position of Motor: Hub Motor Mid Drive Motor The hub motor is incorporated into the hub of a wheel and drives it directly Mid drive motor powers the cranks and sends force through drivetrain Since motor is mounted directly on hub it creates uneven weight distribution Centre of gravity is maintained in the centre resulting in better stability Reduction of Rare Earth Materials: In electric motors, magnets are used to generate rotation using electrical current passing through loops of wire. These magnets are typically made with rare-earth materials such as neodymium and dysprosium, which have a very geographically constrained supply chain. China accounts for vast majority of rare-earth production worldwide leading to huge price volatility. Apart from cost and availability problems, these materials arouse also important environmental, political and ethical issues regarding their extraction, trade and disposal. Motor designs that avoid use of rare earth elements are being developed requiring higher levels of optimisation of motor with controller. Recent developments include spoke rotor PMSM that uses ferrite magnets with a similar or better power density than an equivalent induction motor. Other innovations include utilizing wound rotor configuration to replace magnets with copper windings, aluminium rotor induction motor and switched reluctance motors which require no magnets or copper in the rotors. Synchronous Reluctance Motors: The main characteristics of synchronous reluctance motor are high efficiency at synchronous speed without using rare earth permanent magnets. There is no concern of demagnetisation, so these are inherently more reliable than permanent magnet motors The main advantage of synchronous reluctance motors is negligible rotor losses. Reduced heat in synchronous reluctance motors improves torque and power densities allowing them to be sized smaller for a given rating. These motors are also quiet due to low torque ripple and vibration levels. Future Trends: Increasing Efficiency Efficiency is a critical factor in electric motors and future developments are likely to focus on increasing efficiency further. This could involve the use of new materials, improved design, and more advanced control algorithms. Integration with IoT Higher integration with IoT systems, allowing for remote monitoring, control, and optimization. Design Evolution There is movement toward non-traditional designs because of increased demands for: Higher torque density More efficient cooling (motor) Reduced size of the motor Optimized or reduced use of copper wire and magnet material. Customized Energy Solutions closely works with several leading Motor manufacturers and OEM’s to support in design and recommendation of best suited motors delivering optimum performance for your Powertrain applications.

The Evolving Landscape of Urban Air Mobility in India

1.0 Introduction Today, over 4.46 billion people, or more than half the world’s population live in the cities. They are at the epicentre of economic activity, where more than 80% of global GDP is generated. As urban road transport density has grown, it has created several environmental challenges such as poor quality of air and water, improper waste disposal, and high energy usage. In Indian metropolitan cities (like Mumbai, Delhi, and Chennai), an average commute takes a whopping 90 -minutes and air pollution is one of the leading causes of

Public EV Charging Infrastructure in India

The availability of user-friendly public charging infrastructure is one of the key requirements for accelerating the adoption of electric vehicles in India.

Charging of Electric Vehicles

One of the critical success factors for electric vehicle deployment is establishment of a well-designed charging infrastructure. Over time there has been developments taking place in this area in terms of charging protocols, standards, and safety precautions.

Published: 16th Sep 2021